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How Do Women and Men Respond to More Women in the Legislature? A Study of Bill Introductions and Effectiveness
Blog / Legislative Research / State Legislatures

How Do Women and Men Respond to More Women in the Legislature? A Study of Bill Introductions and Effectiveness

Wednesday, July 8, 2026  In this newly published paper in Political Research Quarterly, Emma Schroeder (Texas Christian University) examines how increasing numbers of women in state legislatures influence the legislative behavior of women and men, using bill introduction data and legislative effectiveness scores from 49 U.S. state legislatures. She finds that in upper chambers with more women, women serve as the primary sponsors of fewer bills than men. However, when both primary sponsorship and cosponsorship are considered, women contribute to more bills than men in both chambers. This relationship varies…

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July 8, 2026
Announcing the Release of the 2024-2025 Virginia General Assembly’s and the 221st New Jersey Legislature’s (2024-2025) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
State Highlights / State Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Legislatures

Announcing the Release of the 2024-2025 Virginia General Assembly’s and the 221st New Jersey Legislature’s (2024-2025) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)

Announcing the Release of the 2024-2025 Virginia General Assembly’s and the 221st New Jersey Legislature’s (2024-2025) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) is proud to announce the release of our State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) for the 2024-2025 Virginia General Assembly and the 221st New Jersey Legislature legislative sessions. This initiative is part of our broader effort to measure the lawmaking effectiveness of individual legislators in all 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. These scores capture lawmaking effectiveness by tracking the number of…

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June 25, 2026
Announcing the Release of the 67th Wyoming Legislature’s (2023-2024) and the 33rd Alaska Legislature’s (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
State Highlights / State Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Legislatures

Announcing the Release of the 67th Wyoming Legislature’s (2023-2024) and the 33rd Alaska Legislature’s (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)

Announcing the Release of the 67th Wyoming Legislature’s (2023-2024) and the 33rd Alaska Legislature’s (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) is proud to announce the release of our State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) for the 67th Wyoming Legislature and the 33rd Alaska Legislature legislative sessions. This initiative is part of our broader effort to measure the lawmaking effectiveness of individual legislators in all 99 state legislative chambers in the United States.These scores capture lawmaking effectiveness by tracking the number of bills that legislators sponsor,…

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June 18, 2026
Announcing the Release of the 82nd Oregon Legislative Assembly’s (2023-2024) and the 2023-2024 Washington Legislature’s State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
State Highlights / State Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Legislatures

Announcing the Release of the 82nd Oregon Legislative Assembly’s (2023-2024) and the 2023-2024 Washington Legislature’s State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)

Announcing the Release of the 82nd Oregon Legislative Assembly’s (2023-2024) and the 2023-2024 Washington Legislature’s State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) is proud to announce the release of our State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) for the 82nd Oregon Legislative Assembly and the 2023-2024 Washington Legislature legislative sessions. This initiative is part of our broader effort to measure the lawmaking effectiveness of individual legislators in all 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. These scores capture lawmaking effectiveness by tracking the number of bills that…

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June 11, 2026
Discussing Effective Lawmaking with Michigan Senator Sarah Anthony
Conversations with Lawmakers / State Legislatures

Discussing Effective Lawmaking with Michigan Senator Sarah Anthony

Discussing Effective Lawmaking with Michigan Senator Sarah Anthony Senator Sarah Anthony has been representing District 21 in the Michigan Senate since 2023. Previously, she served in the Michigan House of Representatives from 2018 to 2022. Senator Anthony was the first African American woman elected to both the Michigan House of Representatives and Senate in the Lansing area. In 2023, she became the first African American woman to chair the Senate Appropriations Committee in the Michigan Senate. She also served as the first Vice-Chairperson of the Michigan Legislative Black Caucus and…

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June 8, 2026
Announcing the Release of the 88th Texas Legislature (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Highlights / State Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Legislatures

Announcing the Release of the 88th Texas Legislature (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)

Announcing the Release of the 88th Texas Legislature (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) is proud to announce the release of our State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) for the 88th Texas Legislature (2023-2024) legislative sessions. This initiative is part of our broader effort to measure the lawmaking effectiveness of individual legislators in all 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. These scores capture lawmaking effectiveness by tracking the number of bills that legislators sponsor, how far those bills advance through the legislative process,…

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June 4, 2026
Announcing the Release of the 86th West Virginia Legislature’s (2023-2024) and the 125th South Carolina General Assembly’s (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
State Highlights / State Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Legislatures

Announcing the Release of the 86th West Virginia Legislature’s (2023-2024) and the 125th South Carolina General Assembly’s (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)

Announcing the Release of the 86th West Virginia Legislature’s (2023-2024) and the 125th South Carolina General Assembly’s (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) is proud to announce the release of our State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) for the 86th West Virginia Legislature and the 125th South Carolina General Assembly (2023-2024) legislative sessions. This initiative is part of our broader effort to measure the lawmaking effectiveness of individual legislators in all 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. These scores capture lawmaking effectiveness by…

Comments Off on Announcing the Release of the 86th West Virginia Legislature’s (2023-2024) and the 125th South Carolina General Assembly’s (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
May 28, 2026
Announcing the Release of the 135th Ohio General Assembly’s (2023-2024) and the 168th New Hampshire General Court’s (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
State Highlights / State Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Legislatures

Announcing the Release of the 135th Ohio General Assembly’s (2023-2024) and the 168th New Hampshire General Court’s (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)

Announcing the Release of the 135th Ohio General Assembly’s (2023-2024) and the 168th New Hampshire General Court’s (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) is proud to announce the release of our State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) for the 135th Ohio General Assembly and the 168th New Hampshire General (2023-2024) legislative sessions. This initiative is part of our broader effort to measure the lawmaking effectiveness of individual legislators in all 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. These scores capture lawmaking effectiveness by tracking…

Comments Off on Announcing the Release of the 135th Ohio General Assembly’s (2023-2024) and the 168th New Hampshire General Court’s (2023-2024) State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
May 21, 2026
Announcing the Release of the 65th Utah Legislature’s (2023-2024), the 108th Nebraska Legislature’s (2023-2024), and the 2023-2024 South Dakota Legislature’s State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
State Highlights / State Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Legislatures

Announcing the Release of the 65th Utah Legislature’s (2023-2024), the 108th Nebraska Legislature’s (2023-2024), and the 2023-2024 South Dakota Legislature’s State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)

Announcing the Release of the 65th Utah Legislature’s (2023-2024), the 108th Nebraska Legislature’s (2023-2024), and the 2023-2024 South Dakota Legislature’s State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) is proud to announce the release of our State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) for the 65th Utah Legislature (2023-2024), the 108th Nebraska Legislature (2023-2024), and the 2023-2024 South Dakota Legislature. This initiative is part of our broader effort to measure the lawmaking effectiveness of individual legislators in all 99 state legislative chambers in the United States.These scores capture lawmaking…

Comments Off on Announcing the Release of the 65th Utah Legislature’s (2023-2024), the 108th Nebraska Legislature’s (2023-2024), and the 2023-2024 South Dakota Legislature’s State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
May 14, 2026
Announcing the Release of the 2023-2024 North Carolina General Assembly and the 56th New Mexico Legislature Legislative Sessions State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
State Highlights / State Legislative Effectiveness Scores / State Legislatures

Announcing the Release of the 2023-2024 North Carolina General Assembly and the 56th New Mexico Legislature Legislative Sessions State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)

Announcing the Release of the 2023-2024 North Carolina General Assembly and the 56th New Mexico Legislature Legislative Sessions State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) The Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL) is proud to announce the release of our State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES) for the 2023-2024 North Carolina General Assembly and the 56th New Mexico Legislature (2023-2024) legislative sessions. This initiative is part of our broader effort to measure the lawmaking effectiveness of individual legislators in all 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. These scores capture lawmaking effectiveness by tracking…

Comments Off on Announcing the Release of the 2023-2024 North Carolina General Assembly and the 56th New Mexico Legislature Legislative Sessions State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES)
May 7, 2026

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